Water Supply Agreement between Singapore and Malaysia: Understanding the Issues
Singapore and Malaysia are two neighboring countries with a complex history that dates back to the colonial era. In recent years, the two countries have been involved in a long-standing dispute over water supply. The water supply agreement between Singapore and Malaysia has been a contentious issue for both countries, and understanding the different perspectives and arguments is essential in providing clarity for this issue.
Background of the Water Supply Agreement
The water supply agreement between Singapore and Malaysia was signed in 1962, as part of the separation agreement when Singapore left Malaysia to become an independent country. Under the agreement, Singapore is allowed to draw 250 million gallons of water per day from two rivers that flow into Singapore, the Johor River and the Linggiu Reservoir. In return, Malaysia is entitled to receive a fixed amount of water from the Johor River.
The agreement was meant to last for 99 years, and it included provisions for regular price reviews and adjustments. Since the agreement was signed, Singapore has invested heavily in water infrastructure to become self-sufficient, developing its own sources of water such as desalination plants, recycled water, and NEWater. However, Singapore still relies on Malaysia for a significant portion of its water supply.
Current Issues and Controversies
Despite the long-standing agreement, tensions between Singapore and Malaysia regarding water supply have been intensifying in recent years. Malaysia has been pushing for a higher price for the water it supplies to Singapore, citing the cost of processing the water and the rising cost of living. In 2018, the Malaysian government announced that it would review and possibly revise the price of water supplied to Singapore.
Singapore, on the other hand, argues that it has been paying a fair price for the water and has been fulfilling its obligations under the agreement. Singapore argues that the water price formula used to calculate the price of water is based on the principles of international law and was agreed upon by both countries. The Singaporean government has said that it is willing to engage in discussions with Malaysia to resolve the issue but insists that any revision to the price of water must be made in accordance with the agreement.
Another issue is the environmental impact of water extraction from the Johor River. Singapore has constructed a large dam and a barrage on the river, which has altered the river`s natural flow and affected the downstream ecosystem. Malaysia has raised concerns about the ecological impact of these projects and has called for more transparency and cooperation between the two countries.
Conclusion
The water supply agreement between Singapore and Malaysia is a complex issue that involves historical, economic, and environmental factors. While both countries have a legal obligation to fulfill their commitments under the agreement, there are legitimate concerns and grievances on both sides. The ongoing disputes over the price of water and the environmental impact of water extraction highlight the need for more communication and cooperation between the two countries. With continued engagement and dialogue, it is possible for both countries to find a mutually beneficial solution to this long-standing issue.
